ایزد میترا/مهر و نسبتش با زرتشتیگری دورۀ ساسانی: نگاهی به چند مُهر با نقش این ایزد | ||
پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران | ||
دوره 13، شماره 37، شهریور 1402، صفحه 223-245 اصل مقاله (843.85 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22084/nb.2023.26486.2504 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
میثم شهسواری* 1؛ سید مهدی موسوی کوهپر2 | ||
1استادیار گروه باستانشناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران. | ||
2استاد گروه باستانشناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
نقش، جایگاه و خویشکاری ایزد میترا / مِهر در زرتشتیگری یا دین زرتشتی رسمی دورۀ ساسانی و نیز ارتباط آن با میتراییسم رومی همواره در پردۀ ابهام و محل گفتگوها و بحثهای فراوان بوده است. این ایزد یکی از مهمترین و محبوبترین ایزدان دورۀ ساسانی بوده است، اما با اینوجود آثار مادی چندانی که با این ایزد مربوط باشند در دست نیست. در کاوشهای آقتپه واقعدر جنوب ترکمنستان مجموعهای از گِلمُهرهای ساسانی بهدست آمده که کاوشگر نقش یکی از آنها را به میترا خدای ایرانی منتسب کرده است. این گِلمُهر از آنجاییکه طبق کتیبهاش از آن یک مغ بوده از اهمیت مضاعفی برخوردار است؛ زیرا ارتباط مستقیم با مذهب زرتشتی پیدا میکند. نقش این مُهر، که چندان واضح نیست، احتمالاً شخصی را سوار بر ارابهای نشان میدهد که دو اسب آن را میکشند. نقش ارابه و اسبها بههمراه کلاه اشعهدار مهمترین دلایل انتساب، این نقش به میترا است، اما ملاحظاتی وجود دارد که بایستی موردتوجه قرار گیرند خاصه که نقش یاد شده وضوح چندانی ندارد. در این پژوهش به ایزد میترا از زاویهای دیگر نگریسته شده و ضمن پرداختن به اثرمُهر یادشده، دیگر مواد فرهنگی اعماز شواهد معماری و شواهد تصویری که بهگونهای این ایزد منتسب شدهاند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و تحلیل گردیده است. در پژوهش پیشِرو اطلاعات به شیوۀ کتابخانهای و مراجعه به متون دست اول گردآوری شده و روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی از نوع «تحلیل محتوا» است. شایان ذکر است که در این تحلیلها از رویکرد آیکونوگرافی و آیکونولوژی بهره گرفته شده است. این جستار نشانداده است: الف) نقش روی اثرمُهر موردنظر متعلق به ایزد میترا است و نظر کاوشگر تأیید میشود، ب) پرستش ایزد میترا در دورۀ ساسانی بخشی از زرتشتیگری بوده و بهصورت یک دین یا فرقۀ جداگانه بهشمار نمیرفته است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ایزد میترا؛ زرتشتیگری؛ مُهرهای ساسانی؛ مغان | ||
مراجع | ||
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