شاخص فساد مالی در ایران،رویکرد نظریه محرومیت | ||
فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی ایران | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 13، شماره 49، اردیبهشت 1403، صفحه 155-179 اصل مقاله (1.13 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22084/aes.2023.28340.3636 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
معبود محمدی1؛ قهرمان عبدلی* 2؛ عزت اله عباسیان3؛ مهدی ارائی4 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد بخش عمومی، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه تهران، پردیس بین المللی کیش، کیش، ایران | ||
2استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
3استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
4اقتصاددان ارشد، مرکز اقتصاد سلامت کانادا، دانشگاه تورنتو، تورنتو، کانادا | ||
چکیده | ||
سالهاست که فساداقتصادی بهطور گسترده از دیدگاه اقتصاد سیاسی موردمطالعه قرارگرفته و پژوهشگران بسیاری متغیرها و عوامل تعیینکنندۀ فساد را شناسایی نمودهاند؛ با اینحال، به سختی میتوان شاخص جامعی از فساد مالی را مشاهد نمود که تصویر کاملاً دقیقی از تأثیرات فساد بر نظامهای سیاسی و اقتصادی ارائه نماید؛ چراکه فساد مالی متغیری پنهان و مکتوم است که بسادگی نمیتوان آن را مشاهده و اندازهگیری کرد. مطالعات فساد عموماً با مشکلات مفهومی و اندازهگیری مواجه است و اکثر محققان از موارد محدود و یا برخی از جنبههای فساد را برای معرفی فساد بهره بردهاند. بر ایناساس برخی از شاخصهای معرفیشده همچون شاخص ادراک فساد (CPI) و شاخص کنترل فساد (CCI) بهجای سنجش واقعی فساد، ادراک و احساس کارشناسان و مدیران تجاری از فساد را اندازهگیری نمودهاند. علاوهبر این، هیچیک از این شاخصها بهویژه CPI برای تحقیقات تجربی تأثیر فساد بر متغیرهای اقتصادی کافی بهنظر نمیرسد و برای رفع این کاستیها، لازم است شاخص مناسبی برای سنجش فساد ارائه گردد. در این پژوهش، با تکیهبر «نظریۀ محرومیت»، یک شاخص جامع جدید فساد مالی (FCI) معرفی میشود که کمبود یک کشور را در هر یک از ابعاد اقتصادی ازجمله مخارج دولت، سرمایهگذاری، درآمد و آزادی اقتصادی اندازهگیری میکند. بهکارگیری این چهار بُعد، همراه با رویکرد شاخص ترکیبی به فساد، ایجاد یک چارچوب جدید برای درک فساد مالی را امکانپذیر میکند. نتایج محاسبۀ این شاخص طی دورۀ زمانی 2007 تا 2017م. و برای 126 کشور منتخب نشانداد نمرۀ ایران در شاخص فساد از 0.475 در سال 2007 به 0.535 در سال 2017م. افزایشیافته است که بهمعنای بهبود رتبۀ ایران از 87 به 82 در فاصلۀ این سالها بوده است. مقایسۀ نمرات و رتبۀ ایران در شاخص ادراک فساد (CPI) با شاخص فساد مالی محاسبه شده این پژوهش (FCI)، حاکی از همپوشانی این دو شاخص است. کلیدواژگان: شاخص فساد مالی، شاخص مرکب، تحلیل چندمتغیره، تئوری محرومیت. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
شاخص فساد مالی؛ شاخص مرکب؛ تحلیل چندمتغیره؛ تئوری محرومیت | ||
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