بررسی تعاملات بین شاخصهای مراقبتهای سلامتی، نابرابری درآمد و رشد اقتصادی: مطالعۀ موردی ایران | ||
فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی ایران | ||
دوره 10، شماره 38، تیر 1400، صفحه 69-94 اصل مقاله (562.11 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22084/aes.2021.21983.3092 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سیداحسان حسینی دوست* 1؛ حمید سپهردوست2؛ اکبر خدابخشی1؛ شراره مساحی3 | ||
1استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلیسینا، همدان، ایران | ||
2دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلیسینا، همدان، ایران | ||
3کارشناس ارشد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلیسینا، همدان، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
امید به زندگی و مرگومیر نوزادان ازجمله مهمترین شاخصهای ارزیابی کارایی سیستم سلامت اجتماعی محسوب میشوند. حجم بزرگی از مطالعات انجام شده در حوزۀ اقتصاد بهداشت مربوط به اثرات خطی و یکجانبۀ متغیرهای اصلی کلان اقتصادی اقتصادی ازقبیل نابرابری درآمد و رشد اقتصادی بر روی شاخصهای اقتصاد بهداشت بودهاند و کمتر به اثرات دوجانبه و همزمان توجه شده است. ازا ینروی، مقاله حاضر به بررسی اثر دوجانبه و همزمان متغیرهای اشاره شده در اقتصاد ایران میپردازد. بدینمنظور، دستگاه معادلات همزمان مبتنیبر متغیرهای امید به زندگی، مرگومیر نوزادان و رشد اقتصادی با درنظر گرفتن ضریب جینی در معادلات طی دورۀ زمانی 1395-1360 برآورد گردیده است. یافتهها نشان میدهند که رشد درآمد ملی بهطور مثبت و با ضریب تأثیر 31% شاخص امید به زندگی ایرانیان را تحتتأثیر قرار میدهد، ولی رشد اختلاف طبقاتی و نابرابری درآمدی، اثری منفی بر این شاخص داشته است. همچنین، با افزایش بودجۀ مراقبت و بهداشت در ایران، شاخص مرگومیر نوزادان رشد منفی چشمگیر 81% را تجربه نموده است که اهمیت نقش مجلس و قوۀ مقننه در تصویب و ارتقاء بودجه وزارت بهداشت و تسهیل دستیابی به سطوح بالاتری از شاخصهای بهداشتی و سلامت را نشان میدهد. درنهایت، برآوردها بیانگر اثر همزمان و مثبت بهبود رشد شاخص امید به زندگی و اثر معکوس افزایش رشد مرگومیر نوزادان بر رشد اقتصادی میباشد. یافتههای این پژوهش نشاندهندۀ وجود یک «حلقۀ تقویتکننده» بین بهبود شرایط اقتصادی و بهبود شاخصهای اقتصاد سلامت است و شواهدی مبنیبر وجود رابطهای متقابل و دوجانبه بین متغیرهای این دوحوزه در اقتصاد ایران بهدست آمده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
امید به زندگی؛ ضریب جینی؛ نرخ مرگومیر نوزادان؛ رشد اقتصادی؛ سیستم معادلات همزمان | ||
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