آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 22 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 512 |
| تعداد مقالات | 5,398 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 10,403,241 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,914,663 |
Simulation and Optimization of Wheeled Electric Robots and its Effects to Achieve Sustainable Development | ||
| Biosystems Engineering and Sustainable Technologies | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 1، شماره 2، اسفند 2025، صفحه 11-19 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22084/best.2025.30904.1008 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Gader Balkipor* ؛ Yusof Abbaspour Gilandeh | ||
| Department of Biosystem Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Contemporary agriculture faces a dual challenge: meeting the food demands of a growing population while mitigating its environmental footprint. Conventional farming machinery, despite its vital role in boosting productivity, contributes to irreversible ecological damage through greenhouse gas emissions and soil compaction. In this context, electric agricultural robots emerge as a transformative solution, offering three key advantages: eliminating direct pollutant emissions, significantly reducing carbon footprints, and optimizing energy consumption. These advanced technologies enable precise, controlled operations that maintain soil structure and microbial ecosystems while ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability. Critical operational parameters such as working speed and depth have been identified as decisive factors in energy efficiency—their optimization could mark a turning point in harmonizing high yields with sustainable practices. This technological shift not only addresses current environmental challenges but also establishes a new paradigm for agricultural mechanization, charting a sustainable future for the industry. A robot pulling a rotivator was simulated in MATLAB version R2022b software, and all the forces applied to the robot and rotivator were applied. To get the answer closer to reality, the soil was considered variable. The goal is to find the best working mode of the robot that has the lowest energy consumption. The highest amount of energy consumption was observed at high speeds (10 km/h). By increasing the depth of the rake from 5 to 10 cm, energy consumption increased by 19% on average. The largest amount of energy loss was included in the pseudo-made set of tires. About 40 to 45 percent of the total losses in the simulation set are assigned to tires. The findings showed that the depth of work has a greater effect on losses than the speed of movement. The intensity of the operation significantly affects the battery losses. In the lightest mode, the battery loss was 1.2 Wh/km and in the heaviest mode, the battery loss increased to 6.1 Wh/km. In general, it can be concluded that the robot should be used at a low depth and at low speeds in order to have the lowest amount of energy consumption. Less use of energy and renewable resources is essential to achieve sustainable development. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Renewable Energies؛ Optimization؛ Robot؛ Simulation؛ Agriculture | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Lagnelöv, O., Dhillon, S., Larsson, G., Nilsson, D., Larsolle, A., & Hansson, P. A. (2021). Cost analysis of autonomous battery electric field tractors in agriculture. Biosystems Engineering, 204(1), 358-376.
[2] Bagheri, E., & Khodkam, H. (2025). Smart Farming: How Drones Are Transforming the Future of Food Production?. Biosystems Engineering & Sustainable Technologies (BEST), 1(1), 45-61. https://doi.org/10.22084/best.2025.30490.1004
[3] Beltrami, D., Iora, P., Tribioli, L., & Uberti, S. (2021). Electrification of compact off-highway vehicles— overview of the current state of the art and trends. Energies, 14(17), 5565. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175565
[4] Dasch, J. M., & Gorish, D. J. (2013). The TARDEC story: Sixty-five years of innovation 1946-2010. Government Printing Office.
[5] Elahi, E., Khalid, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Understanding farmers’ intention and willingness to install renewable energy technology: A solution to reduce the environmental emissions of agriculture. Applied Energy, 309(1), 118459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118459
[6] Fervers, C. W. (2004). Improved FEM simulation model for tire–soil interaction. Journal of Terramechanics, 41(2-3), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2004.02.012
[7] Gerber, P. J., Steinfeld, H., Henderson, B., Mottet, A., Opio, C., Dijkman, J., & Tempio, G. (2013). Tackling climate change through livestock: a global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities (pp. xxi+-115). http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3437e/i3437e00.htm
[8] Gorjian, S., Ebadi, H., Trommsdorff, M., Sharon, H., Demant, M., & Schindele, S. (2021). The advent of modern solar-powered electric agricultural machinery: A solution for sustainable farm operations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 292(1), 126030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126030
[9] Graczyk, A. (2017). Wskaźniki zrównoważonego rozwoju energetyki. Optimum. Economic Studies, 88(4), 53-68. [10] Hadryjańska, B. (2021). Droga do zrównoważonego rozwoju w Polsce w świetle założeń Agendy 2030. Difin. [11] Hernández-Escobedo, Q., Muñoz-Rodríguez, D., Vargas-Casillas, A., Juárez López, J. M., AparicioMartínez, P., Martínez-Jiménez, M. P., & Perea-Moreno, A. J. (2022). Renewable Energies in the Agricultural Sector: A Perspective Analysis of the Last Three Years. Energies, 16(1), 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010345 [12] Holtz, D., Singh, A., & Megiveron, M. G. (2014, August). Tire-Soil Modeling for Vehicle Rollover Over Sloped Compressible Terrains. In International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (Vol. 46346, p. V003T01A029). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2014-35662
[13] Janosi, Z. (1961). The analytical determination of drawbar pull as a function of slip for tracked vehicles in deformable soils. In International Society for TerrainVehicle Systems, 1st Int. Conf. (Vol. 707). https://doi.org/10.13031/epam.2013
[14] Karpman, E., Kövecses, J., & Teichmann, M. (2023). Terramechanics models augmented by machine learning representations. Journal of Terramechanics, 107(1), 75-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2023.03.002
[15] Kheiralipour, K., Khoobbakht, M., & Karimi, M. (2024). Effect of biodiesel on the environmental impacts of diesel mechanical power generation by life cycle assessment. Energy, 289(129948). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.129948
[16] Khodkam H. (2025). A review of the effective factors involved in the production of biogas from biomass waste. Biosystems Engineering and Renewable Energies, 1(1), 203-213, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.22069/bere.2025.23043.1011
[17] Khodkam, H. (2024). The best approach to build a solar power plant to increase efficiency and location in several climatic climates of Iran using AHP software. Journal of Renewable and New Energy, 11(1), 148-157. 10.22034/jrenew 2023.185722
[18] Khodkam, H., Pourdarbani, R., Ghaebi, H., & Hernandez-Hernandez, M. (2024). Investigating the Environmental Impacts of Different Approaches of Agricultural Waste Management Using AHP Technique. Acta Technologica Agriculturae, 27(4), 242-250. DOI: 10.2478/ata-2024-0032
[19] Kivekäs, K., Lajunen, A., Baldi, F., Vepsäläinen, J., & Tammi, K. (2019). Reducing the energy consumption of electric buses with design choices and predictive driving. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 68(12), 11409-11419.10.1109 /TVT.2019.2936772
[20] Krenn, R., & Gibbesch, A. (2011). Soft soil contact modeling technique for multi-body system simulation. Trends in computational contact mechanics, 1(1), 135-155.
[21] Lagnelöv, O., Larsson, G., Larsolle, A., & Hansson, P. A. (2021). Life cycle assessment of autonomous electric field tractors in Swedish agriculture. Sustainability, 13(20), 11285. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011285
[22] Lagnelöv, O., Larsson, G., Larsolle, A., & Hansson, P. A. (2023). Impact of lowered vehicle weight of electricautonomous tractors in a systems perspective. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2022.100156
[23] Lajunen, A. (2022). Simulation of energy efficiency and performance of electrified powertrains in agricultural tractors. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.10.1109/VPPC55846.2022.10003394
[24] Lajunen, A., Kivekäs, K., Freyermuth, V., Vijayagopal, R., & Kim, N. (2023, June). Simulation of alternative powertrains in agricultural tractors. In Proceedings of the 36th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS36), Sacramento, CA, USA. (pp. 11-14).
[25] Lovarelli, D., & Bacenetti, J. (2019). Exhaust gases emissions from agricultural tractors: State of the art and future perspectives for machinery operators. Biosystems engineering, 186(1), 204-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.07.011
[26] Malik, A., & Kohli, S. (2020). Electric tractors: Survey of challenges and opportunities in India. Materials Today: Proceedings, 28(1), 2318-2324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.585
[27] Olkkonen, V., Lind, A., Rosenberg, E., & Kvalbein, L. (2023). Electrification of the agricultural sector in Norway in an effort to phase out fossil fuel consumption. Energy, 276(1), 127543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127543
[28] Ragazou, K., Garefalakis, A., Zafeiriou, E., & Passas, I. (2022). Agriculture 5.0: A new strategic management mode for a cut cost and an energy-efficient agriculture sector. Energies, 15(9), 3113. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093113
[29] Recuero, A., Serban, R., Peterson, B., Sugiyama, H., Jayakumar, P., & Negrut, D. (2017). A high-fidelity approach for vehicle mobility simulation: Nonlinear finite element tires operating on granular material. Journal of Terramechanics, 72(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2017.04.002
[30] Roshanianfard, A., Noguchi, N., Okamoto, H., & Ishii, K. (2020). A review of autonomous agricultural vehicles (The experience of Hokkaido University). Journal of Terramechanics, 91(1), 155-183.
[31] Sandu, C., Sandu, A., & Li, L. (2005). Stochastic modeling of terrain profiles and soil parameters. SAE transactions, 4(1), 211-220. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44658105
[32] Schreiber, M., & Kutzbach, H. D. (2008). Influence of soil and tire parameters on traction. Research in Agricultural Engineering, 54(2), 43-49.
[33] Serban, R., Negrut, D., Recuero, A., & Jayakumar, P. (2019). An integrated framework for high-performance, high-fidelity simulation of ground vehicle-tyre-terrain interaction. International journal of vehicle performance, 5(3), 233-259. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVP.2019.100698
[34] Srivastava, A. K., Goering, C. E., Rohrbach, R. P., & Buckmaster, D. R. (1993). Engineering principles of agricultural machines.
[35] Taheri, S., Sandu, C., Taheri, S., Pinto, E., & Gorsich, D. (2015). A technical survey on Terramechanics models for tire–terrain interaction used in modeling and simulation of wheeled vehicles. Journal of Terramechanics, 57(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2014.08.003
[36] Tarighi, J., Khodkam, H., & Ghorbani, A. (2024). A review of optimizing biogas production through pretreatment and pollution reduction. Journal of Renewable and New Energy, 11(2), 203-213.10.22034/jrenew 2024.200573
[37] Wong, J. Y., & Reece, A. R. (1967). Prediction of rigid wheel performance based on the analysis of soil-wheel stresses, part I. Performance of driven rigid wheels. Journal of Terramechanics, 4(1), 81-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4898(67)90105-X
[38] Zakari, A., & Oluwaseyi Musibau, H. (2024). Sustainable economic development in OECD countries: Does energy security matter?. Sustainable Development, 32(1), 1337-1353. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2668 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 59 |
||