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مطالعۀ تکوین اقتصاد ایلخانان مغول با تحلیل نمودهای مراحل مختلف نظریۀ «تاریخ اقتصادی» جان هیکس | ||
پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران | ||
دوره 14، شماره 41، شهریور 1403، صفحه 249-287 اصل مقاله (1.08 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22084/nb.2024.29198.2670 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فرزاد فیضی1؛ حمید خانعلی* 2 | ||
1دکتری باستانشناسی، گروه باستانشناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران | ||
2استادیار گروه باستانشناسی، دانشکدۀ میراثفرهنگی، صنایعدستی و گردشگری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران (نویسندۀ مسئول) | ||
چکیده | ||
مطالعۀ اقتصاد ایلخانان مغول با تکیهبر نظریات اقتصادی و بهرهگیری توأم از دادههای باستانشناختی با کاستی روبهرو است. این پژوهش با نظر به دیدگاه پیروان «مکتب تاریخی» بهطور عام و نظریۀ «تاریخ اقتصادی» «جان هیکس» بهطور خاص، اقتصاد جوامع تاریخی و نیز مغولها را به سه مرحلۀ کلی «اقتصاد عرفی»، «اقتصاد نظامی» و «اقتصاد امری» تقسیم میکند. پژوهش زیر با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و با استفاده از روش کتابخانهای درصدد پاسخدهی به این پرسشها است که این مراحل با کدام تحولات سیاسی-نظامی دورۀ ایلخانان مغول همپوشانی دارد و نمودهای آن در عرصههای مختلف این دوره به چه صورت بوده است؟ نتایج پژوهش نشانگر ظهور تمام مراحل این نظریه در تکوین اقتصاد ایلخانان و تطابق آن با تحولات سیاسی و اقتصادی است. در اقتصاد عرفی افزایش جمعیت و بروز طبقات اجتماعی نظم و تعادل طبیعی را بههم میزند. از نمودهای اقتصاد نظامی (615 تا 658ه.ق.) نبود اهداف سیاسی برای تأسیس حکومت در سرزمینهای جدید، درخواست پذیرش ایلی و خودکامگی در رأس هرم قدرت است. وجهتمایز اقتصاد امری فئودالی (658-694ه.ق.) نسبت به گذشته رویکرد مثبت مغولها به زندگی شهری باوجود اهمیت بالای اردوی ایلخان و رشد اقتصاد تجاری در سایۀ رکود اقتصاد کشاورزی است. در اولویت قرارگرفتن مسائل اقتصادی بر نظامی ازقبیل رواج معماری اقتصادی و ایجاد نوعی اتحادیه اقتصادی بین اولوسهای چنگیزی از مشخصات اقتصاد امری دیوانسالاری (694-736ه.ق.) در دورۀ ایلخانی میباشد. مظاهر اقتصاد امری دیوانسالاری در معماری، سکهها و سایر هنرهای این دوره مشهود است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
مغول؛ ایلخانی؛ تاریخ اقتصاد؛ جان هیکس؛ عرف؛ امر | ||
مراجع | ||
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