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اثر صنایع خلاق بر نرخ اشتغال (روش گشتاورهای تعمیم یافته) | ||
فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی ایران | ||
دوره 12، شماره 48، بهمن 1402، صفحه 193-221 اصل مقاله (1.14 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22084/aes.2023.28218.3624 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
هدی زبیری* 1؛ مریم احسانی2 | ||
1دانشیار گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشکدۀ علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران | ||
2کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
اهمیت رو به رشد صنایع خلاق در طی سالیان اخیر، این صنایع را به موضوع بحث در اقتصاد جهانی مبدل کرده است؛ بهنحویکه بسیاری از کشورها جایگاه ویژهای را برای این صنایع درنظر میگیرند. در دهههای اخیر تغییراتی در ساختار اقتصادها بهوقوع پیوسته که موجب تغییر شکل ساختار اشتغال در کشورها شده است. صنایع خلاق بهسرعت درحال تبدیل شدن به موتورهای قدرتمند رشد و توسعۀ اقتصادی هستند و این امر پیامدهای عمیقی در ساختارهای اقتصادی و اشتغال جوامع بهدنبال دارد. صنایع خلاق از خلاقیت، نوآوری، مهارتها و توانایی افراد برای ایجاد اشتغال استفاده میکنند و پتانسیل بالایی در گسترش آن دارند. خلاقیت بهعنوان یک دارایی استراتژیک کلیدی که در فرآیند تولید همۀ کالاها و خدمات مهم است، در الگوهای اقتصادی نمود پیدا کرده است. ازطرف دیگر، خلاقیت، یک فرآیند ذهنی است که نمیتوان آن را از نظام فرهنگی و اجتماعی که افراد در آن فعالیت میکنند، جدا نمود؛ از اینرو، پژوهش حاضر نقش صنایع خلاق را در اشتغال 98 کشور توسعهیافته و درحال توسعه طی دورۀ زمانی 2011 الی 2020م. با استفاده از روش گشتاورهای تعمیمیافته (GMM) مورد بررسی قرار میدهد؛ بدینمنظور در این پژوهش، سه الگو برآورد شده است. نتایج این پژوهش نشاندهندۀ اثر مثبت و معنادار صنایع خلاق بر اشتغال کشورهای موردمطالعه در تمامی الگوهای پژوهش است. براساس نتایج بهدست آمده ضریب صنایع خلاق در کشورهای توسعهیافته (0.3539) از مقدار این ضریب در کشورهای درحال توسعه (0.2992) بیشتر است؛ بنابراین انتظار میرود میزان تأثیرگذاری تولیدات خلاقانۀ فرهنگی و هنری بر اشتغال در این کشورها بیشتر از کشورهای درحال توسعه باشد؛ از دیگر یافتههای پژوهش میتوان به تأثیر منفی تورم بر اشتغال و همچنین تأثیر مثبت سرمایۀ انسانی، تولید ناخالص داخلی، سرمایهگذاری و درجۀ باز بودن اقتصاد بر اشتغال اشاره نمود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
صنایع خلاق؛ هنر؛ صنایع فرهنگی؛ اشتغال؛ توسعۀ پایدار؛ روش گشتاورهای تعمیمیافته (GMM) | ||
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