- اکاشا، سمیر (۱۳۸۷). فلسفه علم، ترجمه هومن پناهنده. تهران: فرهنگ معاصر.
- قیومی، مسعود (1398). «ساماندهی تحلیل های چندلایهای زبان شناختی در پیکرههای زبانی،» در واژه واژه زندگی: جشننامه استاد ویدا شقاقی، ویراستاران قطره، فریبا و شهرام مدرس خیابانی؛ تهران، ایران: نشر نویسه، 287-312.
- Bijankhan, M., J. Sheykhzadegan, M. Bahrani, and M. Ghayoomi (2011). “Lessons from building a Persian written corpus: Peykare”. Language Resources and Evaluation, 45(2): 143–164.
- Boisot, M., and Canals, A. (2004). “Data, information, and knowledge: Have we got it right,” Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 14: 43–67.
- Bagley, P. (1968). Extension of Programming Language Concepts, Philadelphia: University City Science Center.
- Buchholz, S. and Marsi, E. (2006). “CoNLL-X shared task on multilingual dependency parsing,” In Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 149–164.
- Burgin, M. (2001). “Information in the context of education,” The Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 14: 155-166.
- Burgin, M. (2017). Theory of Knowledge: Structures and Processes. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
- Capurro, R. (1991). “Foundations of information science: Review and perspectives”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland, pp. 26–28.
- Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, Massachusetts MIT Press.
- de Saussure, F. (1916). Cours de linguistiquegénérale, Lausanne, Paris: Payot.
- Dalkir, K. (2005). Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Dretske, F. (2000). Perception, Knowledge and Belief: Selected Essays, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Heidegger, M. and Fink, E. (1970). Heraklit, Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann.
- Inmon, W.H., O'Neil, B. and Fryman, L. (2008). Business Metadata: Capturing Enterprise Knowledge. MA: Elsevier Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
- Landauer, C. (1998). “Data, information, knowledge, understanding: Computing up the meaning hierarchy,” Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, San Diego, California, pp. 2255–2260.
- Laudon, K.C. (1996). Information Technology and Society. California: Wadsworth P.C.
- Lyons, J. (1981). Language, Meaning and Context. London: Fontana.
- Nauta, D. (1970). The Meaning of Information, Paris: Mouton.
- Nocedal, A. S., Gerrikagoitia Arrien, J. K., & Burgin, M. (2011). “A mathematical model for managing XML data,” International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, 6 (1): 56–73.
- O’Brien, J.A. (1995). The Nature of Computers, The Dryden Press, Philadelphia/San Diego.
- Okasha S. (2008). Philosophy of Science. Tehran: Farhang-e Moaser.
- Poster, M. (1990). The Mode of Information: Post-structuralism and Social Contexts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Quigley, E. J., & Debons, A. (1999). “Interrogative theory of information and knowledge”, In Proceedings of SIGCPR ’99, ACM Press, New Orleans, 4–10.
- Rowley, J. (2007). “The wisdom hierarchy: representations of the DIKW hierarchy,” Journal of Information Science, 33 (2): 163–180.
- Sharma, N. (2005) The Origin of the “Data Information Knowledge Wisdom” Hierarchy (electronic edition: http://www-personal.si.umich.edu/~nsharma/ dikw_origin.htm)
- Van Marle, J. (2008). “Paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations,” Halbband: Ein internationales Handbuch zur Flexion und Wortbildung, edited by G. Booij, C. Lehmann, J. Mugdan, W. Kesselheim and S. Skopeteas, Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton, 225-234.
- Weinreich, U. (1954). “Is a structural dialectology possible?” Word, 10: 388–400.
- Zins, C. (2007). “Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(4): 479–493.
|
