Evaluation of water quality for irrigation purposes in Urmia alluvial plain (Iran)

Mohammadi, S.; Pirkharrati, H.

doi:10.22084/nfag.2021.23861.1457

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	Evaluation of water quality for irrigation purposes in Urmia alluvial plain (Iran)
یافته‌های نوین زمین‌شناسی کاربردی
Volume 15, Issue 30, October 2021, Pages 177-187 PDF (1023.58 K)
DOI: 10.22084/nfag.2021.23861.1457
Authors
S. Mohammadi¹; H. Pirkharrati^* ²
¹M. Sc., student. Dept., of Geology, Urmia University, Urmia
²Assoc. Prof., Dept., of Geology, Urmia University, Urmia
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes in Urmia alluvial plain, West Azerbaijan, Iran; where agriculture activities are dependent on groundwater because of increasing drought trend in Lake Urmia. Fifty-nine water samples from groundwater were selected during dry season in 2018 and analyzed for water quality parameters. The present study was carried out to investigate the spatial variability of water quality indices (PI, MAR, SAR, RSC, LSI, KR and %Na) by geo-statistical methods to determine suitable areas for irrigation. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, calcium, sodium, chloride, sulfate, potassium and TDS concentrations were in permissible limit, while %8.5 and %17 of groundwater wells; in bicarbonate and magnesium, respectively; were higher than acceptable limit within prescribed limits as FAO (1994) for irrigation purpose. The calculated SAR values suggested excellent quality for irrigation. The values of PI and %Na suggest that the groundwater of study area is suitable for irrigation purpose. It shows that concentrations of MAR in %18.6 of wells and RSC values in three of samples, are lower than the permissible limit; Whereas computed values of LSI and KR indicate unsuitable groundwater of study area. The spatial distribution maps of groundwater quality indicated that the central of Urmia plain is the most suitable zone for irrigation purposes.
Keywords
Groundwater; Urmia Alluvial Plain; Irrigation Purposes; Water Quality Indices; Spatial Distribution

References
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S (2016) Water resource vulnerability assessment in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Journal of King Saud University-Science, 28(4): 293-299. Shammi, M., Karmakar, B., Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. S., Rahman, R., & Uddin, M. K (2016) Assessment of salinity hazard of irrigation water quality in monsoon season of Batiaghata Upazila, Khulna District, Bangladesh and adaptation strategies. Sharma, P. K., Vijay, R., & Punia, M. P (2015) Geostatistical evaluation of groundwater quality distribution of Tonk district, Rajasthan. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, 6(2): 1474. Soleimani, H., Abbasnia, A., Yousefi, M., Mohammadi, A. A. and Khorasgani, F. C (2018) Data on assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation in rural area Sarpol-e Zahab city, Kermanshah province, Iran. Data in brief, 17: 148-156. Tahlawi, M. R., Mohamed, M. A., Boghdadi, G. Y., Rabeiy, R. E., & Saleem, H. 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Evaluation of water quality for irrigation purposes in Urmia alluvial plain (Iran)

Acharya, S., Sharma, S. K., & Khandegar, V (2018) Assessment of groundwater quality by water quality indices for irrigation and drinking in South West Delhi, India. Data Brief, 18: 2019-2028.

Aleem, M., Shun, C. J., Li, C., Aslam, A. M., Yang, W., Nawaz, M. I., & Buttar, N. A (2018) Evaluation of groundwater quality in the vicinity of Khurrianwala industrial zone, Pakistan. Water, 10(10): 13-21.

Delbari, M., Amiri, M., & Motlagh, M. B (2016) Assessing groundwater quality for irrigation using indicator kriging method. Applied Water Science, 6(4): 371-381.

Doneen, L. D (1964) Water Quality for Agriculture, Department of Irrigation, University of Calfornia, Davis, 48 p.

Eldeiry, A. A., & García, L. A (2011) Using deterministic and geo-statistical techniques to estimate soil salinity at the sub-basin scale and the field scale. Proceedings of the 31th Annual Hydrology Days, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 2123.

Elmabrok, F. M., & Abu-Libda, O. A (2017) Evaluation of Ground Water Quality and Suitability for Irrigation Purposes in Alagilat Area, Libya.

FAO (1994) by R. S. Ayers and D. W. Westcot "Water quality for agriculture". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Ghalib, H. B (2017) Groundwater chemistry evaluation for drinking and irrigation utilities in east Wasit province, Central Iraq. Applied Water Science, 7(7): 3447-3467.

Gunarathna, M. H. J. P., Nirmanee, K. G. S., & Kumari, M. K. N (2016) Are geo-statistical interpolation methods better than deterministic interpolation methods in mapping salinity of groundwater? Int. J. Res. Innov. Earth Sci, 3(3): 59-64.

Güngör, A., & Arslan, H (2016) Assessment of water quality in drainage canals of Çarşamba plain, Turkey, through water quality indexes and graphical methods. Global Nest Journal, 18(1): 67-78.

Ibraheem, A. M., & Mazhar Nazeeb Khan, S. M (2017) Suitability assessment of groundwater for irrigation purpose in Veppanthattai block, Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu. World Scientific News, 81(2): 81-93.

Kelly, W. P (1963) Use of Saline Irrigation Water. Soil Sci, 95 (4): 355-391.

Krishan, G., Singh, S., Gurjar, S., Kumar, C. P., & Ghosh, N. C (2016) Water quality assessment in terms of water quality index (WQI) using GIS in Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India. J Environ Anal Toxicol, 6(366): 2161-0525.

Prasanth, S. S., Magesh, N. S., Jitheshlal, K. V., Chandrasekar, N., & Gangadhar, K (2012) Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in the coastal stretch of Alappuzha District, Kerala, India. Applied Water Science, 2(3): 165-175.

Raghunath, I. I. M (1987) Groundwater. 2nd edition; Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, India.

Rawat, Kishan S., Sudhir Kumar Singh, and Sandeep Kumar Gautam. "Assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation use: a peninsular case study." Applied Water Science 8.8 (2018): 233.

Salifu, M., Aidoo, F., Hayford, M. S., Adomako, D., & Asare, E (2017) Evaluating the suitability of groundwater for irrigational purposes in some selected districts of the Upper West region of Ghana. Applied water science, 7(2): 653-662.

Shabbir, R., & Ahmad, S. S (2016) Water resource vulnerability assessment in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Journal of King Saud University-Science, 28(4): 293-299.

Shammi, M., Karmakar, B., Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. S., Rahman, R., & Uddin, M. K (2016) Assessment of salinity hazard of irrigation water quality in monsoon season of Batiaghata Upazila, Khulna District, Bangladesh and adaptation strategies.

Sharma, P. K., Vijay, R., & Punia, M. P (2015) Geostatistical evaluation of groundwater quality distribution of Tonk district, Rajasthan. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, 6(2): 1474.

Soleimani, H., Abbasnia, A., Yousefi, M., Mohammadi, A. A. and Khorasgani, F. C (2018) Data on assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation in rural area Sarpol-e Zahab city, Kermanshah province, Iran. Data in brief, 17: 148-156.

Tahlawi, M. R., Mohamed, M. A., Boghdadi, G. Y., Rabeiy, R. E., & Saleem, H. A (2014) Groundwater quality assessment to estimate its suitability for different uses in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 3(5): 2277-3878.

Todd, D. K (1980) Groundwater Hydrology. Wiley International Edition, John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New York.